Enervoxa's technologies are designed to process different types of waste & biomass into electricity or refuse derived fuel while supplying a complete turn-key solution for efficient zero waste management. We deploy our innovative technologies globally to improve economic production, reduce emissions and produce electricity and Refuse-derived fuel (RDF) from waste and sludge. Our mission is to provide cheap, clean consumable power and natural resources in emerging markets, preserving health, jobs, assets and economic growth while having no impact on the environment.
- Enervoxa is a Canadian company that owns Green Hydro Carbon Technologies and is prepared to deploy our technology globally to improve economic production, reduce emissions and produce electricity and Refuse-derived fuel (RDF) from municipal solid waste (MSW). Our mission is to provide cheap, clean consumable power and natural resources in emerging markets, preserving health, jobs, assets and economic growth.
- Enervoxa Waste Conversion technology is a technology used for the treatment and recycling of solid and liquid refuse material. This is a self-contained system capable of performing the following functions: pasteurization of organic waste; sterilization of pathogenic or biohazard waste; grinding and pulverization of refuse into unrecognizable output; trash compaction; dehydration.
- Enervoxa is focusing on production of a Refuse-derived fuel (RDF) produced by shredding and dehydrating solid waste (MSW) with a Waste converter technology. Because of the wide variety of functions available on converters, this technology has found application in diverse waste-producing industrial segments.
- Enervoxa and Caviteca Inc. has accumulated significant technologic and commercial capabilities deriving from a set of closely interrelated technologies in Power Generation (Green Hydro Carbon technology based on efficient application of coal water fuel in thermal power generation), Waste-to- Energy solutions for industrial and municipal waste solutions and Water Treatment/Desalination solutions (CavitecaTM - a proprietary technology that delivers a complete and environmentally friendly zero liquid waste (ZLW) solution at best available price. The technology is a close integration of Reversed Osmos (RO) and Electro Dialysis (ED)
- Enervoxa possesses a new technology that allows delivering a significant increase of efficiency in fossil power generation. There are two main application of this technology – conversion of Power Plants (PP) from natural gas to coal and modernisation of coal PP to a fuel type - Coal Water Slurry (CWS). In the first case the conversion allows significant optimisation of fuel cost (1000 m3 of natural gas could be substituted with around 2.1 tons of coal that in current European prices could lead to a saving of 200-250 USD per tonne). In the second case of coal PP modernisation, our technology allows for a fuel reduction of 5-12% (and hence for proportionate CO2 reduction).
COAL WATER SLURRY TO ELECTRICITY
BUSINESS CONCEPT (GREEN COAL TECHNOLOGY)
ENERVOXA possess a new technology that allows delivering a significant increase of efficiency in fossil power generation. There are two main application of this technology – conversion of Power Plants (PP) from natural gas to coal and modernisation of coal PP to a fuel type - Coal Water Slurry (CWS). In the first case the conversion allows significant optimisation of fuel cost (1000 m3 of natural gas could be substituted with around 2.1 tons of coal that in current European prices could lead to a saving of 200-250 USD per tonne). In the second case of coal PP modernisation, our technology allows for a fuel reduction of 5-12% (and hence for proportionate CO2.
The technology can be used to upgrade existing mature Thermal Power Plants into a modern level power generation facilities that are fully compliant with all EU environmental emission standards (2016) at a fraction of cost compared to a brown field projects. For example, 1 MW of modernised capacity could cost around 50-80K euro vs. 1,200 - 1,500k Euro for mainstream power generation. The technology can potentially be applied to 20 000 MW of stalled capacity of fossil power generation in EU.
UPGRADE PROJECT & TEAM
ENERVOXA has hired Tractebel Engineering (GdF SUEZ) to prepare a detailed study on technical feasibility of modernisation of infrastructure to accommodate coal and prepare liquid fuel (CWS), convert boilers to CWS fuel combustion using vortex burning, new flue gas treatment technology to fully comply with the new EU standards for emissions. Tractebel Engineering (TE) has concluded that the project is highly technically feasible and exceptionally attractive economically.
APPLICATION OF COAL WATER SLURRY IN POWER GENERATION
1. INTRODUCTION
Despite mounting concerns over regulatory risks, coal sector remains very attractive. With strong growth potential, improved bargaining power, broader market scope, consolidation opportunity and favourable industry dynamics all offer a compelling investment story. Indonesia will remain the world’s largest coal producer for the next five years. About 80% of coal reserves fall under low/medium rank coal, such as lignite and sub-bituminous coal.
However, coal has one or two disadvantages; among those are its mineral content, especially the sulfur bearing component, and the problems in handling and storing of coal, such as dust and the need for expensive mechanical handling and reclamation systems.
By contrast, liquid fuels are naturally low in mineral content, can be freed of their sulfur compounds, and are easily handled and stored. On the other hand, coal is abundant, widespread, and fairly cheap to produce; while oil reserves are much smaller and are concentrated in politically unstable areas, and the commodity can become very expensive indeed, regardless of production costs.
1.1 Increasing Utilization for Medium-Low Coal
Utilization of coal as primary feedstock for power generators in the future will still remain a high priority; as indicated based on the continuous development of coal processing technology. While remaining reserve of high rank coal (6.100 – 7.100 Kcal) continue to decrease, future use of largest coal reserves which 80% belongs in medium / low category (5.100 – 6.100 Kcal and < 5.100 Kcal), will surely experience significant growth in terms of consumption. This trend has started to show, as Indicated by effort performed by some countries to modify and retrofitting power plant configuration for this purpose.
2. DESCRIPTION OF CWS
2.1. What is CWS?
- Coal Water Slurry (referred to as “CWS”) is an environment friendly coal based liquid fuel that can be used to replace petroleum.
- It is prepared through particular technical process from 65%～70% coal, 29%～34% water, and minor (1%) quantities of chemical additives.
- Hence, CWS is Slurry of powdered coal and water, which maintains a stable state over a long period when a small amount of additive is provided properly.
Standard Specifications
- Density ：65~70%；
- Viscosity ：~1000 CP；
- Size ：d < 50μm
- Ash ：A < 7%；
- S ：S < 0.5%。
2.2. Advantages of CWS
- Good Combustion Efficiency
The combustion efficiency of CWS is 96% - 99%, boiler efficiency is about 90%, which reach the level of oil - Good Effect on Environmental Protection
The Combustion temperature of CWS is approximately 1200 – 1300o and emissions of SO2 and NOx are low - Advantages on Technology
CWS can be transported and burned like oil, non-flammable liquid and its manufacturing temperature is low, so it is safe. - Less Investment
2.3. Coal Water Slurry as New Energy Source
For CWS Combustion Process, the atomized CWS burns in the furnace in four stages of combustion:
- Moisture evaporation
- Releasing volatile materials and ignition
- Fix carbon combustion
- Coke burn-out
- Ignition temperature: 425oC – 550oC,- 100oC lower than pulverized coal
- Combustion temperature: about 1350oC 100oC – 200oC lower than fuel Oil
- Burner and Nozzle
For CWS Steady Combustion a special burner and nozzle must be used. The nozzle must be made from high abrasive and corrosion resistance material
2.4. The CWS Technology Development & Its Application Benefits
1. Using coal to replace oil reduces fuel cost of users:
- For retrofitting: 1.8 – 2.2 Ton of CWS can replace 1.0 Ton of heavy fuel oil, depending on the heating value.
- Investment pay-out of retrofitting is about 5 months. Investment cost to build new CWS boiler is less than new oil fired boiler, and the operating cost is significantly lower on the CWS boiler.
2. To realize clean use of coal, use energy source economically and rationally, improve environmental protection
- The raw coal for CWS is cleaned coal – low in ash and sulphur content.
- CWS burning temperature is 100 – 200oC lower than oil or pulverized coal….it can effectively reduce Nox and SO2 and can easily meet national and local environmental protection standard
- Additional de-sulfurized can be provided if further reduction of sulphur dioxide is required.
3. Energy saving effect is remarkable
- CWS has high combustion efficiency (above 96%-99%)
- CWS combustion is easy to control and its waste is low
4. Providing new manner in coal transportation: CWS can be transported through pipelines and stored in storage tanks:
- Less construction investment in railway and highways and rolling stocks
- Less land indemnification for right of ways
- Less environmental pollution
- Easier in handling and operation
- Low running costs and high reliability
5. Burning CWS replacing loose coal and improves regional environment CWS can be manufactured in the mine mouth to supply several power plants by using ships and pipelines. It’s s just like distribution system from oil refinery to power plants.
6. Replacing diesel oil
Through special processing CWS can be produced to improve its quality to replace diesel oil
2.5 Favourable Economic Effects
It is easy to compare the relative costs of using a CWS against traditional coal or oil firing because the price of the CWS itself varies according to the coal price, the location of the plant, and/or the plant capacity etc. The economic advantage compared to pulverized coal is however indicated by significant reduction in handling cost by simplifying facilities required for loading and unloading activities.
In general,
- 1.8-2.2 tons of coal water slurry can replace 1 ton of heavy oil a significant saving of production cost.
- Users can save ± 70% fuel cost for per ton of fuel oil (heavy oil).
- Coal water slurry can replace heavy oil fuel and brings tremendous economic benefits as an oil substitute fuel,
3. CONCLUSION
- Coal Water Slurry (CWS) is a new type of liquid fuel, environmentally friendly fuel that can replace petroleum as fuel in the energy conversion and process industries.
- CWS consists of 65% - 70% coal, 30% - 35% water and small quantities of chemical additives.
- CWS has oil like appearance, can be handled like liquid, burns like oil and coal, the cost is just slightly higher than coal.
- It resembles Heavy Fuel Oil with good fluidity; therefore stable during storage and can be transported conveniently like liquid, through pipes and by pumps.
- The capital investment costs is very low relative to coal gasification and liquefaction processes
- It has high combustion efficiency and low in pollution discharge.
- The successful introduction of CWS technology into the industries, to replace heavy fuel oil has a very significant impact in the utilization of low rank coal, for new thermal power plant. The simultaneous and parallel development of advanced coal cleaning technologies as in the case of CWS could allow Indonesia to make a fast transition, economically, away from our limited resource of oil and natural gas to our most abundant resource of coal. Coal based CWS will be the fuel of this century and beyond
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